Comparing and Contrasting Euclidean, Spherical, and Hyperbolic Geometri

When it comes to Euclidean Geometry, Spherical Geometry and Hyperbolic Geometry there are many similarities and differences among them. For example, what may be true for Euclidean Geometry may not be true for Spherical or Hyperbolic Geometry. Many instances exist where something is true for one or two geometries but not the other geometry. However, sometimes a property is true for all three geometries. These points bring us to the purpose of this paper. This paper is an opportunity for me to demonstrate my growing understanding about Euclidean Geometry, Spherical Geometry, and Hyperbolic Geometry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first issue that I will focus on is the definition of a straight line on all of these surfaces. For a Euclidean plane the definition of a â€Å"straight line† is a line that can be traced by a point that travels at a constant direction. When I say constant direction I mean that any portion of this line can move along the rest of this line without leaving it. In other words, a â€Å"straight line† is a line with zero curvature or zero deviation. Zero curvature can be determined by using the following symmetries. These symmetries include: reflection-in-the-line symmetry, reflection-perpendicular-to-the-line symmetry, half-turn symmetry, rigid-motion-along-itself symmetry, central symmetry or point symmetry, and similarity or self-similarity â€Å"quasi symmetry.† So, if a line on a Euclidean plane satisfies all of the above conditions we can say it is a straight line. I have included my homework assignment of my definition of a straight line for a Euclidean plane so that one can see why I have stated this to be my definition. My definition for a straight line on a sphere is very similar to that on a Euclidean Plane with a few minor adjustments. My definition of a straight line on a sphere is one that satisfies the following Symmetries. These symmetries include: reflection-through-itself symmetry, reflection-perpendicular-to-itself symmetry, half-turn symmetry, rigid-motion-along-itself symmetry, and central symmetry. If we find that a line on a sphere satisfies all of the above condition, then that line is straight on a sphere. I have included my homework assignment for straightness on a sphere so that one can see why a straight line on a sphere must satisfy these conditions. Finally, I need to give my definition of a straight line on a hyperbolic... ...h other along a third line, l. Then to consider the geometric figure that is formed by the three lines and look for the symmetries of that geometric figure. Then we were asked what we could say about the lines r and r’. I have provided my notes that include an outline to this proof for all three surfaces so that one can see the conclusions that we made as a class. We found that on a Euclidean plane parallel transported lines do not intersect and are equidistant. For a hyperbolic plane we found that parallel transported lines diverge in both directions. Finally for a sphere we found that parallel transported lines always intersect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using all the above material, we can see that there are many different similarities and differences when looking at a Euclidean Geometry, Spherical Geometry, and Hyperbolic Geometry. Using my artifacts will help one understand many of my conclusions about these three surfaces. This essay was an excellent opportunity to reflect on my growing understanding of these three surfaces. I hope you, the reader, can benefit from my conclusions and gain a better understanding of the similarities and differences of these three surfaces.

A study on Key Leadership Qualities of a Project Manager

Origin of the Report This report idea was initiated by the honorable course instructor of ‘Project Management' as a part of course completion of MBA program at the Institute of Business Administration, Gangrening University. Specific guidelines were provided by the instructor to conduct the study for academic purpose. 1. Objectives of the Report The primary objective of the study was to fulfill the requirement of the course module as per the guideline by the instructor that leads to attaining the following specific objectives. Identify and evaluate the project performance in terms of time, cost and performance. Identify different key aspects of the project manager's characteristics that influence the project success. 1. 3 Methodology This report has been developed in context of exploratory research.To prepare this report, both qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. Personal interview with the project manager with the help of a semi structured questionnaire was key instrument. Therefore the sample size was comprised of one single individual, the project manager. Personal observation has been one of the key methods that applied o analyze the data accumulated. 1. 4 Source of Data Both primary and secondary data have been used for analysis in this report. The data sources are described as follows. 1. 4. Primary Data Semi structured questionnaire interview with the project manager was conducted where different aspects of the project were mentioned and asked about to evaluate the specific aspects of project accomplishment in terms of meeting the quality standards required. Moreover a structured questionnaires based on five point scale was used to evaluate the project manager's leadership role in accomplishing the project successfully. 1. . 2 Secondary Data The secondary data was collected from the website of related entities.Some previous publications and Journals in the related field have been used as a guideline to develop the context. 1. 5 Scop e of the Report This report was an outcome of extensive group work that will provide guidelines for future related works. As the work was unique in nature and the aspect is specific, it is expected to provide a guideline for the evaluation of performance of a project and the project manager in future. 1. 6 Limitations Different limitations were tackled during the report preparation and the collection of ATA.Some of them include, Limited time to prepare the whole report Facing difficulties to manage the appointment with the project manager As the project was accomplished earlier team members were spitted and not available together Getting the financial was another challenge as per the restrictions by the policy of the parent organization Chapter 2: The Project Details 2. 1 The Project Detail 2. 1. 1 Construction of the MACH Building Dacha Shania Mission as part of the total project took the initiative in 2001 to open a Cancer detection & Treatment Center at Murmur, Dacha.In course of its progress it is owe a 42 bed Cancer Hospital with required operation facilities, Chemotherapy, X-Ray and Imaging facilities. A team of experienced and dedicated cancer specialists and general physicians are working there to provide health service at a reasonably low cost. Here free services are offered to poor and ultra – poor patients. In the year 2008 the hospital continues to provide health care services, specially to cancer patients, with some additional facilities. Ultimately the dream materialized into reality and a plan was made to construct a 500 bed Cancer Hospital at a staggering cost of 2. 56 billion take (SIS$ 36. 7 million). The thirteen story hospital designed by a US based architectural firm â€Å"Design Alliance f Baltimore†, got started its construction with foundation laid by the then Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Begum Chalked Aziza, on 10th July 2004 on a 3 acre land at the bank of the river Tutor in Attar Model Town in the Capital. The location is about 5 Km from Aziza International Airport and the construction in full gear started on 16th July 2005. This 450,000 square feet 13 storied hospital is expected to open in late 2009 with about 200 inpatient beds, Outpatient department with about 40 Examination/consultation Rooms, Medical Imaging,Pathology, Surgical Suite, Radiotherapy Department, non-international Cardiac and Neuron Diagnostics, Day Care and the requisite support services. By 2010 all 500 beds are expected to be operational. At that time, based on beneficial utilization, Shania Mission Cancer & General Hospital is projected to provide over 160,000 days of inpatients care and cater to over 180,000 outpatients annually saving approximately SIS$ 13 million annually. 30% services of the hospital will be available free for the poor patients. DAM is raising funds from general public as well as from the corporate sector.There are special provisions for potential donors to sponsor sundry components of the hospital. One can donate to have in his/her own name or dear one's name to name a bed/beds, a ward/wards, a cabin/cabins, operation theatres. There are specified rates for each type of dedicated areas of inscription which will be inscribed distinctly as per wish of the donor. Keeping in line with Dacha Shania Mission's dedication to Divine and Humanitarian services Shania Mission Cancer and General Hospital will be a big leap forward to provide service to humanity by redressing the suffering of the ailing patients, especially cancer patients.International Hospital Group (GIG), a I-J based consulting firm with vast experience in medical equipment consultancy has been entrusted with the Job to furnish the equipment schedule IEEE equipments and furniture plan floor and room wise of AMIGA to cater to the need and suitability of the patients and users. Considering the huge cost of modern quality treatment for cancer and our commitment to provide with poor and needy patients 30% treatment facilities f ree of cost, deep thought has been given to make Shania Mission Cancer and General Hospital a viable and cost- effective project with the motto of ‘No-profit-No-Loss'.Due consideration has also been given to the point that some cancer patients will come with other diseases which will need to be treated at the same hospital for practical reason. Also considering the reality to keep specialist doctors including ambitious and career conscious young doctors there is possibly no other alternative other than opting for building a Medical College in future. In consideration of this vital factors, provision for general treatment facilities have been kept at AMIGA. Moreover, there is a plan to establish a Nursing Institute in future. Building on the ideas of the founder SuffixSaint Hazard Khan Buddha Channels (Ramshackle Awhile), Dacha Shania Mission embarked on establishing a modern cancer hospital where world-class treatment will be available. Shania Mission Cancer and General Hospit al is one of major projects to fight cancer in Bangladesh. So far, super-structures of thirteen storey plus two basements of this fifteen-storey hospital building have been completed. The construction of Radiotherapy Vault and other essential works are now going on for inaugurating the first phase of the hospital with 160 beds by the end of 2013.However, the POD, Radiation Therapy Unit, Day Care Centre and Diagnostic Facilities have been scheduled to start functioning at the end of 2012. Location Plot#3, Sector # 10, Embankment Driveway Attar Model Town, Dacha-1230, Bangladesh. Land Area 3 Acres Project Cost US$. 47. 29. O Gob. Approval Obtained Architect Design Alliance, 1921 York Road, Baltimore, MD 21093 USA Email:[email  protected] Com Cons. Period 2005- 201 5 Started July, 2005 Expected Completion Phase I with 175 beds by end 2013 and complete with 500 beds in 2015.The POD, Radiation Therapy Unit, Day Care Centre and Diagnostic Facilities have been scheduled to start function ing at the end of 2012. A modern cancer care hospital building is under construction at present. The building has been designed by Architect Mr. Tare Lam, a professional hospital architect registered in the USA . 2. 2 Overview of the Construction Company The project was accomplished by Associated Builders Corporation (BBC) Limited, a private limited company established in 1972, which designs and constructs industrial projects, bridges, Jetties, harbor, roads and buildings of all types.The company has gained considerable reputation in tackling Civil Engineering Projects which require peccadillo experience and up-to-date technical knowledge in the respective field since its incorporation. 2. 2 The Project Budget and Actual Cost Chapter 3: Evaluation of the Overall Project Performance 3. 1 Analysis of Background and Scheduling Ultimately the dream materialized into reality and a plan was made to construct a 500 bed Cancer Hospital at a staggering cost of 2. 56 billion take (SIS$ 36. 97 million). The thirteen story hospital designed by a US based architectural firm â€Å"Design Alliance f Baltimore†.The location is about 5 Km from Aziza International Airport and he construction in full gear started on 16th July 2005. This 450,000 square feet 13 storied hospital To construct such a large project Shania Mission needed an expert constructor who has experience in such large public project. In 2009 Shania Mission asked for open tender for the project where most of the country's largest Civil Constructors Joined. By evaluating the proposal the project goes to Associated Builders Corporation Ltd (BBC) for the Civil Contract. The Contract was awarded in two phase. First, one was the construction of basement and first 4 stories.And the est. of the 13 stories of the building were constructed in the second phase. The electrical and wiring was also included in the project. 3. 2 Evaluation the Project in terms of Cost This section should provide a comparison of the actu al costs of the external consultancy with the agreed contract value. Where there is a variation (upwards or downwards) between agreed contract value and actual costs DIP must be informed. In cases where the actual cost exceeds the cost approved by DIP an explanation must also be provided. Initial Approval Cost BIT. 650000000 Contract Award Cost BIT. 800000000 Actual Cost BIT. 00000000 Percentage Variation between Contract Award Cost & Actual Cost 38% Explanation of variation in costs The reason behind the over running the initial planned cost was due to change of the price of material most notably Steel, Rod, Cement and other raw material for the construction project. The reason behind increased steel price was due to global over demand of steel because of Beijing Olympic. The cost over running created a hamper in project progress. The cost proposal had to be overwritten and renegotiated. This also created budget deficit for Shania Mission as well profit minimization of BBCCorporati on Limited. 3. 3 Evaluation the Project in terms of Performance 3. 3. 1 Assessment of Deliverables This section should provide detail on what was delivered by the consultants. The extent to which projected deliverables, as outlined in the Terms of Reference, were met by the consultants, and the quality should be assessed. On behalf of Shania Mission a project in-charge was appointed whose Job was to monitor and supervise the construction project as a overall basis. His Job actually was limited to Consultancy and supervision On behalf of BBC a project Engineer is appointed.He has the executive duties of overall project. Apart from technical aspects, he had to oversee costing human resource management inside the project. The assessment of project used to take place week wise. Upon the approval of Shania Mission engineer Bill is paid monthly basis. 3. 3. 2 Assessment of Benefits The original date of completing the project was revised several times mainly because of the funding issues o n behalf of Shania Mission. Reasons of delays usually occurred due to payment issues. Apart from that some tactical delays at engineering works were not uncommon.Both cases the responsible party has to adjust the agitation The purpose originally intended the consultancy assignment were to do the Job efficiently and effectively. Because of the BBC Construction Limiter's effective role the contract was extended for second phase. Chapter 4: Analysis of the Project Manager's Leadership Role 4. 1 The Role of Project Manager in Contemporary Organizations In brief we need to understood project monitoring role of the PM. Actually, the role & responsibilities of a Project Manager is little complex and needs to be explained elaborately in clear terms for each project.Let us list down few important roles & responsibilities of a Project Manager. * The Project Manager is the person responsible for managing the project. *The Project Manager is the person responsible for accomplishing the project objectives within the constraints of the project. He is responsible for the outcome (success or failure) of the project. *The Project Manager is involved with the planning, controlling and monitoring, and also managing and directing the assigned project resources to best meet project objectives. The Project Manager controls and monitors â€Å"triple scope, time and cost(quality also)-?in managing competing project requirements. The Project Manager examines the organizational culture and determines whether project management is recognized as a valid role with accountability and authority for managing the project. *The Project Manager collects metrics data(such as baseline, actual values for costs, schedule, work in progress, and work completed) & reports on project progress and other project specific information to stakeholders. *The Project Manager is responsible for identifying, monitoring, and responding to risk. The Project Manager is responsible to the project stakeholders for delivering a project's objectives within scope, schedule, cost, and quality. *The reporting structure of a Project Manager depends on organizational structure. He may reports to a Functional Manager or to a Program Manager. In a bit exaggerating terms, Project Manager is the ‘God' of his project and he is the one who decides the success of the project. 4. 2 Criteria of a Successful Project Manager 4. 2. 1 Leadership Leadership is identified separately from management, as leadership is more of a personality trait whereas management is a learned skill.I recognize this is not a common view as many people and companies espouse courses in teaching adhering. Here, I am identifying people who can motivate others as projects are long endeavors, which invariably have points where the success of the project falls to the project manager who can keep the team motivated and get them past the sticky problems observed on nearly every project. MS also have to instill confidence in both their teams and the manager(s) to whom they report. As stated before, projects are long and difficult endeavors, which have plenty of challenges.When these challenges arise, MS who are able to maintain the confidence of all interested parties have more success. When the confidence in the PM is shaken, executives tend to provide additional assistance to the teams that is a sure sign of lost confidence and adds additional effort to the project. The group of engineers will operate independently producing a fragmented solution. People in general bring a set of implicit assumptions. These assumptions are not typically in the forefront of their minds but exist due to their life experiences both personally and professionally.These assumptions then drive the set of solutions they are able to envision. When a PM is able to identify these implicit assumptions, validate their relevancy to the unique project, then challenge them if need be, better solutions to problems are identified. These better so lutions may be quicker and less risky to implement, require fewer resources or less highly skilled resources, or have a better impact on the business. Leading refers to carrying out the project plan in order to achieve the project objectives. Leading the project is one of the more challenging aspects for new project managers because it involves a lot of â€Å"soft skills. Skills such as communicating clearly, team motivation, and conflict resolution. Some key duties for eating projects include, Setting team direction Coordinating activities across different organizational functions Motivating team members Assigning work personality trait whereas management is a learned skill. I recognize this is not a the business. 4. 2. 2 Management Skills On all projects, there is a finite amount of administration that occurs and this to me is the management of the project. The management component of project or program management requires multiple skills as well as traits.The traits include the ability to organize. Projects inherently have lots of moving parts from end users and pompons with thoughts, to technicians who have commercial applications to configure or code to write, to test teams and configuration managers who have plans and backbend support systems to bring on line. All of these disparate groups must be brought together and coordinated so the project can move forward and eventually complete. The ability to organize the multiple teams is a personality trait inherent is successful program and project managers.We also have to organize at a deeper level when dealing with the technology. The task of building a Work Breakdown Structure WEBS) is a feat in organization when done well. Not only do business and technical executives have to understand both the strategy and tasking but also the technicians who will perform the work. Laying out a structure that is understood by both disparate sets of people is difficult at best. Now include the capability to track progres s in a meaningful way for both groups and the need for deep organizing trait is paramount.Closely related is the ability to plan, to foresee how a project will come together. Planning also includes what deliverables are needed, how and when to evolve test plans, how many test plans are needed, what metrics are needed, and which resources execute which tasks in conjunction with each other. All of these are unique to each situation as the Statement of Work (SOW) or Project Charter is unique as well as the scope undertaken and the resources assigned to the project. The ability to manage both your own time and the time of those working for you is critical.Projects have so many distractions making it very easy to head down a rabbit hole that derails the project. These typically happen during the development phases but can also occur at any phase. Contrary to popular belief, the highest risk time off project is the beginning and not the end. Many times I use an analogy of catching a wave for a surfer. This is analogous to setting the scope and planning phases off project. Once you catch the wave, the time to the beach is out of your hands as the wave is going at its own speed.You can make some moves that will have some impact on the timing but the base timing is already defined. Successful project managers take their time in planning and resist the temptation to get starting developing because time is short. Each project has numerous options on how to approach the work. It is this approach which is analogous to catching the right wave, that has the most dramatic impact on project timing and success. Setting the priorities for individuals and managing to those priorities becomes a main activity during the majority of the project. This requires the PM to handle multiple tasks at the same time.The moment the first task is delegated, the PM is multi-tasking. If an individual tries to handle all tasks themselves, a project of any size is at risk. On a typical commercial software implementation, I will have the following threads open: ) software configuration, 2) interface development, 3) conversion or data migration development, 4) custom software development, 5) communication with sponsors, 6) communications with consulting company management and sales, 7) project tracking and monitoring, and 8) potentially open core product issues or enhancement.The ability to manage your time, multi-task, and manage the team's time is a critical skill. All projects include the use of teams. These teams include resources for which the PM has direct responsibility and other resources for which the PM does not have responsibility. All of these teams must come together and work toward the common goal of completing the project. The team will consist of not only these individuals but also the managers of the matrixes resources as they potentially have competing goals. The ability to create and motivate teams becomes a determining factor in the success of Ms. . 2. 3 Co mmunication Skills The ability to communicate in both written and verbal form both up and down the management chain is a widely known required skill. In the previous paragraphs and going forward the implication of communication skills Jumps off the page. Let me delve into a couple of areas that are not as widely held. The first is with whom MS communicate. I have mentioned the need to discuss topics with business and technical leaders as well as the technicians but what is also needed is the ability to define or clarify technical or business problems to the opposite group.Many times on a project I will come across a particularly difficult technical issue that either impacts the dates or is a risk to those dates. Naturally, both the technical and business leaders want to understand the problem. Given it is a technical issue in his case, discussing technical issues with technical people is easier than helping a business leader understand why the web application crashes because of Java Virtual Machine OVUM) Heap is exhausted and why this is a problem given the SCOFF Just spend dollars increasing the memory on the application server.These are important topics for them to understand as well as the opposite. Helping the technicians understand why a good technical solution has dire consequences for the business side of the house. MS are also knowledge conduits. They should ensure that information from one team gets to all the other teams that need it. As project schedules get tight and the tension begins to increase, many people naturally focus on their tasks at hand to become more efficient and get their work done. A great thing for that individual task but what happens when the other teams need information from this one group and cannot get it.The other tasks naturally fall behind so the project falls behind. The PM that stays in touch with what all groups are going and moves the information between groups can more effectively keep all tasks moving and avoids disco nnects when the â€Å"right† hand is not talking to the â€Å"left† hand. 4. 2. Foresight and Vision Some people have the innate ability to see the future. I am not talking about crystal balls or palm readers but a sense for the direction the project is headed and the ability to see risks and envision how all the elements of a project will come together in the end.I alluded to this concept in the planning section and it applies here as well. In conjunction with planning is the skill of defining goals for individuals that are in sync with the plan. In my post, â€Å"Staying on Schedule†, I spoke about intermediate milestones and mint-crisis as a mechanism for maintaining a schedule. The ability to foresee, define, and articulate these goals goes a long way toward staying on schedule and being successful. Risk management is a key aspect of successful projects and is in many instances not well received as an integral part off project.In many organizations and as an attempt to manage time, organizations only deal with issues and not risks. Many times, I have highlighted risks to be told we will deal with it when it becomes a problem. The personality trait to envision a risk and the capability to address the risk are key elements to success. 4. 2. 5 Pragmatic As MS we are constantly in the situation of making choices. Usually all day is spent making trade off choices between competing forces. There are times when we have to make a choice a deliverable is good enough, not perfect but good enough as it meets the business objectives.The prime example comes when dealing with the speed at which application pages are rendered. I routinely hear from end users and sponsors that I want the page to be as fast as possible. From a conceptual standpoint, this makes sense as speed of page rendering translates into efficiency of workers and eventually money. Fast as possible does not mean get 6 Cray super computers for my solution or that I want sub second re sponse time on a page that is making two web service calls and returning a three table Join query.Clearly, neither is going to happen. What was meant was to increase the speed until it reaches a good balance between cost, time and speed. This is not a straightforward decision. The technician would ask for the performance requirements so they know the solution to build; the businessperson wants a reasonable cost so the PM is in the position to determine what is good enough. The balance point falls to the PM and ragtime is key. Conflict is also a common occurrence on projects.It can be between two technicians, the test team, developers, the business people, etc. The ability to work through issues and even decide on what issues to engage is something critical to success. People can be passionate about what they believe in so getting past these points of contention whether it be negotiating a resolution, facilitating the discussion or deciding which battles to fight becomes important to success. 4. 2. 6 Can do attitude In our world, there are people whose glass is half full and those whose glass is half empty.The perspective on adversity, challenges, and dealing with people GAO long way toward success in a work environment that typically includes strict deadlines, changing requirements, heavy budget pressure and big business impacts when the project does not go well. A can do and positive attitude is a personality trait that serves MS well dealing with adversity, the high-pressure situations, team building, and leadership. Finding this personality trait in a person serves them well in the profession of Program and Project Management.In addition to the above list of skills ND traits, I would add a personality trait of cool and thoughtful under pressure. Projects are intense, long, and difficult activities that have periods of time when the PM is under significant pressure due to impending deadlines, difficult issues, etc. People are also very passionate and so the PM is typically under a lot of pressure and must be able to think on their feet and remain thoughtful during the intense times. It is these times when PM can easily lose the confidence of management or their teams, lose control of scope, or any number of other occurrences that negatively impact the project. . 2. 7 Disqualifications There are three inputs above that would not agree with: 1. Being completely obsessed with the Client. Client focus to a degree is a very good thing. In situations where the project manager is also managing a team and a contract then a proper balance between these many times competing agendas enables the project manager to not only meet the client goals but also individual and company goals. In these situations, the project manager has multiple people and organizations to which they report and must meet he goals of each individual and organization simultaneously to be successful. . Being an extrovert Due to the need for extensive interaction with people, e xtroverts typically have these skills inherently. Individuals who straddle the introvert/extrovert category can also be successful as they can communicate and operate in the people centric situations. Strict introverts who prefer to work alone and on individual tasks will struggle in the PM role. 3. Displaying personal courage (lead from the front) In my previous post, we discuss the relative timing of leading from the front and jack.Different situations dictate assuming each style so both are needed and not just leading from the front. The personality traits and skills needed for project managers to be successful are varied. When interviewing PM candidates and identifying internal candidates for a PM role, these people centric traits and skills seems far more influential factors in the success of PM. What may be interesting to many people is the lack of technical expertise as a main contributor to success. Certainly, technical and business expertise is needed for a project to be su ccessful

10 Interesting Facts About Harry Truman

The Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Alan Poe - 1306 Words

The Tell Tale Heart is a short story written by the author Edgar Alan Poe. Edgar Allan Poe (born; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American writer, editor, and literary critic. Poe is best recognized for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and horror. He is widely known as a central figure of Dark Romanticism in the United States and American literature as a whole, he was one of the country s earliest masters of the short stories. Poe is considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre and is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction. He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career. (Campbell, Joseph. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. 3rd ed.) He also battled through alcoholism which apparently lead to his premature demise. His best known Fiction works are Gothic. The short story, Tell Tale Heart was publish ed in 1843. The story is a first-person narrative by an unnamed narrator that as we know from the story, insists that he is sane even though it was apparent that he had committed the murder of the old man. The narrator tells us that he loved the old man but the only thing that insanely bothered him was the old man’s evil eye so much that he was always plotting his murder and eventually killed him. This clearly suggests that the narrator had a psychological disorder. After committing the murder, whileShow MoreRelatedThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Alan Poe1028 Words   |  5 PagesBridgette Davis Writing 201 Paper #2 September 24, 2015 The Tell Tale Heart In â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart†, written by Edgar Alan Poe is about a diseased man who has a distortion of reality and is motivated to kill a man because of his eye, then feels guilty after killing him. In this story this man defends his sanity but confesses he has killed a man. 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Poe and Hawthorne’sRead More Atmosphere of Terror and Suspense in Gothic Literature Essay4335 Words   |  18 Pagesincluded Edgar Alan Poe, Charles Dickens, H.G.Wells, Charlotte and Emily Bronte. By the end of the19th century Mary Shelley?s famous novel of Frankenstein had been published and later on Bram Stoker?s Dra cula. Of all the stories written in the gothic era, they all contain many of the typical gothic features. Some typical gothic features include terror, mystery, ghosts, haunted houses, castles, darkness, death, decay and madness. The three gothic texts I will be analyzing are ?The Tell-Tale Heart/Read MoreEssay Edgar Allen Poe1513 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe was born at 33 Hollis Street, Boston, Massachusetts, on January 19, 1809. Poe’s parents were struggling actors. His father deserted him, and his mother died of tuberculosis when he was three years old. 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Summary . The Public Health Workforce Consists Of A Large

Summary The public health workforce consists of a large number of professionals who provide significant contributions to the public health sector. The majority of public health workers consists of nurses, whereas the other percentage of workers are made up of various professions such as social workers, allied health professionals, physicians, and pharmacists. Structures such as the Triple Aim help to improve the quality of services and patient care. Additionally, the ACA has made health care accessible and affordable to a vast majority of people. Those structures have a crucial role in providing quality health care to the public. 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The Claims Department Handles Complaints of the Policyholders

Question: 1.Explain how the claims department handles complaints of the policyholders ? 2.Interaction of the claim department with other functions in the handling of the policyholders complaints? 3.Recommendations for improving the interactions with other functions in handling policyholders complaints? Answer: Introduction: Customer satisfaction is the most important in any business as the cost of attracting new customers it need more effort, will be 5 times more difficult than keeping the existing one. Policyholders are the nervous system of all the insurance companies all over the world, especially in competitive small market like United Arab Emirates (UAE), the insurers business depending upon the policyholders satisfaction and providing an extra ordinary services that can differentiate them form each other. Therefore, the insurers should consider the customers complaints as a feedback on its services, product, and as an opportunity to improve the business and the customer satisfaction (BSA Ahmad Bin Hezeem Associates 2017). By analysing the complaint the insurer can determine the root cause of the issue and take necessary actions that is required to fix it. Once the insurer satisfy the customer requirements by enhancing the quality of the services will absolutely reflect on improving the customer feedback, satisfaction and strengthen customer loyalty. There are many reasons for the complaints, some are related to insurer service, product and some are related to the policyholders knowledge, lack of understanding the policy terms conditions, and implementation of the new regulations. The UAE Insurance Authority has issued a new motor insurance tariff system effective from January 1, 2017, on which premiums are based with high copayment, this creates many complaints due to lack of understanding of the new regulations and the sudden increase in premium which cause a noticeable impact on policyholders with high percentage of complaint (Al Tamimi Company 2017). More care is required by the insurer to satisfy their policyholders which will increase the competitive edge of insurance firms, so will create their brand value and reputation in the market, which is helpful in staying ahead from their competitors. It is essential for the insurance companies to understand the expectations of the policyholders and making sure that the business/marketing plan is concentrating on this point in order to attract the consumers and increase their profit and market share. 1. The classification of the complaint is done to realize the type, nature and the origin of the complaint. This is also useful in segregating a complaint from a request or query of a policyholder. The complaints are classified according to the following criteria: Legal Complaint: In this case the policyholder sends a legal notice to a motor insurance organization Sales Complaint: It refers to the complaints where the policyholder alleges of forgery, fraud and mis-selling (D'Mello, S. 2017). Service Complaints: these are the types of the complaints where the clients complain about any sort of service that is undelivered or the service delivered is faulty. Complaint regarding claim: there are various complaints with regard to claims as the policyholders may not be satisfied with the nature in which the claim was settled, managed or the duration taken to process the claim. Complaints are mainly due to claim denial where the customers ask the reason why the claim was not approved. There are even cases when it is seen that even if the claim is approved the settlement of the claim takes a lot of time. The customers may not be happy with this as this may lead to wastage of time and loss of finance. The most common among the complaint regarding claim is unsatisfactory settlement by the motor insurance firms as the claim that was expected by the customer is not granted by the firm (dubizzle UAE blog 2017). The insurance organizations provide satisfactory reason and highlight certain clause laid down in the contract that reduces the claim amount even though the customer feels unjustified and cheated. Delay: There is customer complaint with regard to the postponement in the delivery or service. The complaints may arise when there is a delay in quotation of the policy, invoice and cards. In case of repair of cars it is the duty of the insurance organizations to provide a service vehicle. Complaints may arise when there is a delay in the delivery of the service vehicle. If the executives of the insurance firms do not respond to the customers calls and emails regarding any concern, they may file a complaint against this issue (Duwheels.com 2017). Financial: There are instances, where it is seen that the customers lodge a complaint regarding financial matters like overcharging of premium, payment delay etc. It is seen that when it comes the financial matters, the insurance companies try to provide the least settlement amount possible. There are instances where there is delay in refunds and over charging with respect to various legal and organizational charges (Emirates 24|7 2017). Product: The policyholders are always not satisfied with the product that are provided to them. They are mostly not satisfied with the suitability of the product as the executives while suggesting the product to the customers do not provide accurate product knowledge and clarification of the coverage. Inaccuracy in document: This is a type of complaint that is least seen in the insurance organization. The customers may be unsatisfied with the defective information with respect to any document that is submitted to the customer. The customers in this case may file a complaint against the fact that they have been misguided that may lead to any loss for the customer (Guardian Global Solutions 2017). It is seen that these are the main causes of complaint that are prevalent in motor insurance and it is seen that there has been in a rise in the frequency of complaint after the new motor regulation act has been introduced by the UAE Insurance Authority in order to safeguard the interests of both the motor insurance companies and the persons who are the policyholders of motor insurance. The following are the steps and details that are necessary in recordingthe complaints of an individual: Customers name and Address: The acceptance of the grievance is undertaken after the name and the address of the customer is taken just to review the authenticity of the policyholder and to contact the policyholder whenever deemed necessary (GulfNews 2017). Date of Receiving the Complaint: The date of receiving the complaint is even noted down just to keep a record for the date of complaint and to find out the duration within which the grievances of the policyholders are handled (Tadesse 2014). Nature of the Complaint: There are various natures of the complaint that comes from the side of the policyholders and therefore, it is essential to note down the nature of complaint with accordance with complaint of the policyholder so that the complaint of each policyholder can identified with ease (BSA Ahmad Bin Hezeem Associates 2017). Receiving the Complaint: The process of receiving the complaint is even noted down. It is because there are various ways of receiving the complaint either directly by meeting the department of claims, sending a letter or mail or by telecommunication (Thomas 2015). Receiving and Acknowledge the Complaint: The claim department even needs to record the service with regard to which the policyholder has complained so that proper monitoring and supervision of the department can be undertaken and with respect to the answers obtained from the concerned department, the complaint with respect to the service can be determined and the authenticity of the complaint can be attained (Guide2dubai.com 2017). There is a designed path through which every complaints pass and proper scrutiny at every stage leads to the rectification of the problem. Frontline Resolution Stage: The first stage is the frontline resolution where the complaint is filed. In this stage the initial evaluation is done and the date on which the complaint was closed is noted down. The competition of the complaint in this stage leads to transfer of the complaint to the next stage that is known as the investigation stage. In this stage, the complaints are scrutinized and each and every aspect of the complaint, with respect to the date, time and authenticity of the complaint and whether the complaint stated really took place (GulfNews 2017). Escalation to the Investigation Stage: The complaint is escalated in this stage and every perspective of the complaint is discussed in detail among the employees working in this section of claim department (Dionn 2013). Action taken at the Investigation Stage: After the complaint has been judged valid, the complaint is closed and the date is noted down to justify the date on which the complaint has been justified and rectifications will be made to satisfy the policyholder with respect to their complaint. All the outcome that have been arrived at each and every step are recorded so that it can be revealed to the policyholder along with keeping a proper record for the later future, which can be looked down upon for reference (Ia.gov.ae 2017). The underlying cause of the complaint, like any misconduct or harassment with the policyholders with respect to their claim is explained thoroughly so that such mistakes can be avoided in future. Claim handling in Motor Insurance The complaint handling procedure of the claim department involves primarily receiving the complaint from the policyholders and understanding the reason of the complaint. Once the complaint is received, it is acknowledged to the policyholder stating that the complaint will be preceded and an appropriate result will be given to them. The complaint after being acknowledged is critically investigated and the authenticity and the validity of the complaint are evaluated. The analysis of the complaint is undertaken by looking at the various aspects of the complaints and the ideal result that will suit the policyholder is evaluated (Insurance Times 2017). The next step involves escalation of the complaint so that complaint can be handled appropriately with respect to any previous complaints that had similar characteristics so that the complaint can be dealt with ease (Pearson 2015). The last step in this process involves reporting the result obtained and conveying to the policyholder in orde r to satisfy them and close the complaint. 2. In the above question, we have discussed the how the claim department handles the complaints of the policyholders efficiently. The effective handling of the complaints of the policyholders is only possible if they maintain a smooth and understanding relationship with the other departments that are functioning in an insurance company. The various other departments are even liable for smooth tackling of the grievances of the policyholders. It is seen that there are various types of complaints that come from the policyholders to the claim department and it is the responsibility of the claim department to investigate the problem and discover the department who is liable for this action and takes further step to rectify the solution (International Investment 2017). The claim department interacts with the concerned department and tries to find out the main reason behind the problem and discuss with the department to come to a conclusion, which will be effective in handling the complaint su ccessfully. There are various complaints that are received by the claim department and they segregate the complaints according to the concerned departments so that they can be settled with ease (Suri and Adnan 2016). It is the duty of the claim department to properly segregate the complaints as if the complaints with respect to one department are listed down in some other departments portfolio, and then there are chances that the complaint might not be handled properly and that may lead to additional difficulties. The segregation of the complaints by the claim department are discussed below: Claim: If there are any complaints with respect to the management of the claims, time taken to settle the claim and the delay in the processing time, then they are directly related to the claim department. In this scenario, as the problem is within their department, they can find the solution by interacting with the employees engaged in the claim department and find out the root cause and try to mitigate the problem in order to satisfy the customers (International-adviser.com. 2017). There are various other complaints like the delay in the settlement of the claim and unsatisfactory settlement, which are even handled by the department by examining all the documents and the records that are available to them with regards to the claim. Service: If there are any grievances with respect to any of the employees of a department or a third party with respect to the quality of service offered, then they are directly transmitted to the service department. The claim department communicates with the service department to find out the root cause for the lack of efficiency of the service and problems with respect to repairs of the motor vehicles (Kassem 2017). The two departments jointly investigate the reason to reach a solution so that they can ideally tackle the problem and rectify the mistake. Delay: The most significant complaints that arise in the claim department are the delay in any of the service or correspondence. It is seen that the policyholders mainly report with respect to the postponement in the Invoice cards, quotations and delay in the delivery of the vehicle. The delay in the quotation and with respect to the policies is discussed with the Underwriters who are mainly responsible for the preparation of the policies and quotations. The claim department closely analyzes the problem and tries to figure out whether the complaint delivered are valid (Middle East Insurance Review 2017). If the authenticity of the complaint is discovered by discussing with the underwriting department, then they are asked to find a remedy to the complaint so that they can be handled with ease and minimize the grievances of the policyholder. Financial: The complaints that arise with respect to the delay in refund and additional charges being levied on the premium are transferred to the finance department and they are asked to go through the record and find out the reason why such actions were taken (Saeidi 2013). If the answers provided by the finance department to the claim department are justified then they are conveyed back to the policyholder and if an unjustified reason is found, then the claim department asks the finance department to undertake necessary steps to mitigate the problem by deducting the extra charges or compensating the policyholder for delay in refund. Product: The complaints with respect to the dissatisfaction with respect to the products that are offered to the policyholders are transferred to the product department where the actual reason for the dissatisfaction is conveyed to them, so that the department by looking at the needs of the customers may provide them with a new set of products that will be suitable for them. If there any complaints with respect to knowledge about the product, the representatives of the insurance company goes down to the customer to give adequate knowledge about any of the products the client is interested in so that all their queries can be written off (RSA UAE 2017). Marketing and Sales: This is one of the significant departments of an Insurance company as this department determines the market share and the revenue that the organization will be able to earn (Zawya.com 2017). Any complaints with regards to the business development team with respect to inappropriate advice and tactics with respect to high pressure are communicated to the marketing department and the supervisors of this department are asked to investigate so that all the complaints can be discovered and solutions that can satisfy the policyholder are gathered that are communicated to the client. Inaccuracy in Document: There are instances when the policyholders are displeased with the documentation of the information with respect to an insurance product. In this scenario, the back office department who creates these documents are asked to review the documents and find out what are the mistakes seen in documentation and thereby rectifying them and sending them back to the claim department who conveys and resends the appropriate document to the policyholders (Wegner 2015). Other: There are miscellaneous complaints come to the claim department and it is the duty of the policyholder to handle such petty issues by themselves by finding a solution that will satisfy the policyholder and reduce their level of complaints. Therefore, it can be said that an effective communication with all the other departments is influential for rectifying the claims of the policyholders with ease reducing the level of complaints in an insurance organization with respect to motor vehicle insurance. 3. All policyholders, insurers, sales agents and the brokers should have guideline and standard procedure to follow, so they will have more control and better understanding for the policy terms / condition and the regulations that will improve the service and ultimately will reduce the complaints. In order to handle the policyholders complaints properly and efficiently the team should investigate the root cause of the issue and preventive measures should be taken to avoid the same in the future. The complaints report should be monitored by senior managers and the recorded details should be investigated thoroughly, so the insurer will be able to use the outcome to enhance the service, follow -up the process and for training of the staff. Maintaining the Turnaround Time for all services from issuing the quotation till settlement of the claims. The insurers should have proper survey system that can be used by the policyholders to control and reduce the incident and satisfy the customer/policyholders. To keep the customers and enhance their opinion, the insurers should have proper communication channels and procedure in place to escalate to higher management if they are not satisfied with complaint handling procedure or result or with services that provided by the juniors employees. The claims department should have an effective procedure to interact with other functions in case of any dispute or complaints that causes by them. The claim department should have good management and better understanding of the company product and should be expert enough to handle the complaints and the investigation process and capable to give direct advice to the customer while receiving the complaint. The insurers should develop their procedure by educating their staff and provide awareness session to the policyholders on how to submit the claim, understand the policy terms, conditions and the exclusions with proper guideline and assistances. The insurers staff should understand the value of the policyholders and deliver the best in practice while handling the policyholders complaints and always treat customer fairly to meet the regulators requirements and company ethics and strategy. The insurer should evaluate the complaint handling procedure and the team performance regularly to identify the weakness and strengthen or improve the service as per the outcome. Identify the cause of the complaints and if there is delay in delivering the services or the settlement of the claim, serious steps should be taken to fix the issue and avoid repeating it in the future. The regulators must conduct market study with proper customers education and awareness before issuing new regulation to be acknowledged by all categories and ensure feasibility in practical practice. Better to implement gradually. The insurer must communicate to all team members the transparency and clarity of their process with proper guideline and procedure so they can deliver the same to the customers. The insurers should communicate with policyholder efficiently and clarify all policy benefits and the hidden charges if any, also should guide them properly by provide them the list of the documents that required to get the service or submit the claim. The policyholders are responsible to understand their policy covers, the exclusion also should know the required documents for submission and the claims notification requirements. Reference List BSA Ahmad Bin Hezeem and Associates. 2017. Legal update: Insurance Authority Resolution. [online] Available at: https://www.bsabh.com/legal-update-insurance-authority-resolution/ [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. BSA Ahmad Bin Hezeem and Associates. 2017. UAE brokers face tougher Insurance Authority rules. [online] Available at: https://www.bsabh.com/uae-brokers-face-tougher-insurance-authority-rules/ [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Company, A. 2017. The Regulation of Insurance Brokers in UAE - Al Tamimi Company. [online] Tamimi.com. Available at: https://www.tamimi.com/en/magazine/law-update/section-14/october-6/the-regulation-of-insurance-brokers-in-uae.html [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Dionne, G. ed., 2013.Contributions to insurance economics(Vol. 13). Springer Science and Business Media. D'Mello, S. 2017. UAE announces new price limits for car insurance - Khaleej Times. [online] Khaleejtimes.com. Available at: https://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/uae-car-insurance-to-cost-minimum-dh750 [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. dubizzle UAE blog. 2017. New UAE Motor-Vehicle Insurance Regulations | dubizzle UAE blog. [online] Available at: https://blog.dubizzle.com/uae/motors/4625/new-uae-motor-vehicle-insurance-policies/ [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Duwheels.com. 2017. UAE New Motor Insurance Regulations. [online] Available at: https://www.duwheels.com/blogs/view/uae-new-motor-insurance-regulations [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Emirates 24|7. 2017. New regulation passed for motor insurance policies in UAE. [online] Available at: https://www.emirates247.com/news/emirates/new-regulation-passed-for-motor-insurance-policies-in-uae-2016-09-29-1.641200 [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Guardian Global Solutions. 2017. UAE Insurance Authority issues licence to Guardian Wealth Management. [online] Available at: https://www.guardianglobalsolutions.com/news/uae-insurance-authority-issues-licence-guardian-wealth-management [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Guide2dubai.com. 2017. New law passed for motor insurance policies in UAE. [online] Available at: https://www.guide2dubai.com/news/latest-news/new-law-passed-for-motor-insurance-policies [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. GulfNews. 2017. Insurance Authority issues schedule of premiums. [online] Available at: https://gulfnews.com/news/uae/transport/insurance-authority-issues-schedule-of-premiums-1.1948313 [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. GulfNews. 2017. Unified system for motor insurance approved. [online] Available at: https://gulfnews.com/news/uae/government/unified-system-for-motor-insurance-approved-1.1903806 [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Ia.gov.ae. 2017. Home. [online] Available at: https://www.ia.gov.ae/en/Pages/default.aspx [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Insurance Times. 2017. CII joins forces with UAE insurance authority to boost regional talent. [online] Available at: https://www.insurancetimes.co.uk/cii-joins-forces-with-uae-insurance-authority-to-boost-regional-talent/1421193.article [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. International Investment. 2017. UAE insurers seeking more time from regulator on indemnity commissions - International Investment. [online] Available at: https://www.internationalinvestment.net/products/uae-insurers-seeking-more-time-from-regulator/ [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. International-adviser.com. 2017. Uae Insurance Authority - International Adviser. [online] Available at: https://www.international-adviser.com/tag/uae-insurance-authority/ [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Kassem, M. 2017. New UAE motor insurance rules mean you will get a courtesy car after an accident | The National. [online] Thenational.ae. Available at: https://www.thenational.ae/business/economy/new-uae-motor-insurance-rules-mean-you-will-get-a-courtesy-car-after-an-accident [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Middle East Insurance Review. 2017. UAE: Insurance Authority enforces pricing review. [online] Available at: https://www.meinsurancereview.com/News/View-NewsLetter-Article?id=37804Type=MiddleEast [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Pearson, R., 2015.The development of international insurance. Routledge. RSA UAE. 2017. New Unified Motor Insurance Policy: Insurance Authority Requirement. [online] Available at: https://rsadirect.ae/news/new-unified-motor-insurance-policy-insurance-authority-requirement [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Saeidi, S., 2013. A Look at the Insurance Industry and its Key Prices and three Effective Factors in Analysis of Insurance Companies.Website of Iranian Insurance. Suri, A.K. and Adnan, J., 2016. Educational Institutions and Information Asymmetry Observation in UAE. J Glob Econ, 4(213), p.2. Tadesse, F., 2014. Insurance selection decision: Factors that influence the choice of insurance services in selected insurance companies.A master thesis in Jimma University. Thomas, J.E., 2015. Researching Insurance Coverage.New Appleman Insurance Law Practice Guide,1. Wegner, D.L.B., 2015. Government insurance, information, and asset prices.International Review of Economics Finance,37, pp.165-183. Zawya.com. 2017. INTERVIEW: UAE plans new regulations to boost insurance industry - Insurance Authority head | Zawya MENA Edition. [online] Available at: https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/story/INTERVIEW_UAE_plans_new_regulations_to_boost_insurance_industry__Insurance_Authority_head-ZAWYA20170212033627/ [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017].

Lease and Leasehold Improvements free essay sample

The lease entered between NeedsSpace and WeHaveIt is for a 10-year term where NeedsSpace agreed to no option to renew or the ability to negotiate a renewal of the lease term. This lease has been classified as an operating lease. WeHaveIt included two provisions in the lease agreement that NeedsSpace had to follow during the lease term. The first provision required was for NeedsSpace to perform general repairs and maintenance on the leased property. The second provision required was for NeedsSpace to restore the leased property to its original condition at the end of the lease term by removing all leasehold improvements. NeedsSpace had placed onto the leased property various leasehold improvements such as temporary walls, HVAC, and carpeting. These leasehold improvements had an economic useful life of 10 years. In this case of NeedsSpace, the requirement is to use the appropriate accounting treatment for the two provisions that were included in the lease agreement. We will write a custom essay sample on Lease and Leasehold Improvements or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Provision 1 According to ASC 840-10-05-9(a), the lessee have certain obligations for the repair and maintenance of leased property. Provision 1 creates a contractual obligation requiring NeedsSpace to perform general repairs and maintenance on the leased property. In some repairs and maintenance obligations, the lessee is required to make maintenance deposits to the lessor to protect the leased property and is reimbursed later when the required repairs and maintenance is completed by the lessee according to ASC 840-10-05-9(a) through 840-10-05-9(c). Provision 1 does not require NeedsSpace to make maintenance deposits but does require NeedsSpace to perform the repairs and maintenance on the leased property. The maintenance deposits do not effect NeedsSpace’s obligation to perform the repairs and maintenance, but does assure NeedsSpace’s performance under the lease. Minimum lease payments for the lessee comprise of payments the lessee is obligated to make with the leased property, excluding the lessee’s obligation to pay executory costs such as maintenance in relation to the leased property according to ASC 840-10-25-5. Maintenance deposits are related to the maintenance of the lease property and should be accounted for as executory costs and not included in the minimum lease payments. If a lessee determines the maintenance deposits is less probable of being reimbursed, the maintenance deposits are recognized as additional expense, until the actual maintenance occurs; then the maintenance costs are expensed or capitalized according to the lessee’s maintenance accounting policy according to ASC 840-10-25-39(a) through (b) and ASC 840-10-25-39(a). WeHaveIt is not obligated to reimburse NeedsSpace of its maintenance deposits as it only requires NeedsSpace to perform the repairs and maintenance on the leased property. As the maintenance deposits (executory costs) involves â€Å"general† repairs and maintenance on the leased property, NeedsSpace should recognize the repairs and maintenance obligation by expensing the repairs and maintenance when it actually occurs. Provision 2 According to ASC 410-20-15-3(e), if a conditional obligation for the lessee exist to perform a retirement activity with the leased property, the lessee accounts for the obligation as an asset retirement obligation (ARO) unless it is included in the minimum lease payments. As mentioned above, minimum lease payments of the lessee are payments the lessee is obligated to make on the leased property according to ASC 840-10-25-5. Provision 2 creates an obligation requiring NeedsSpace to restore the leased property to its original condition through the removal of leasehold improvements when the lease term expires. This obligation is not included in the minimum lease payments as it relates to leasehold improvements not the leased property. As a result, this provision in the lease agreement is accounted as ARO by the lessee. Leasehold improvements in an operating lease are capitalized and amortized over the shorter of the useful life of the leasehold improvements and the lease term according to ASC 840-10-35-6. As the lease NeedsSpace entered into has no renewal option, the lease term of 10 years is the same as the useful life of the leasehold improvements. NeedsSpace should capitalize and amortize its leasehold improvements over 10 years. The ARO should be recognized as a liability at its fair value when it is incurred and reasonably estimable according to ASC 410-20-25-4. Furthermore, the fair value of the liability is recognized by increasing the carrying amount of the capitalized leasehold improvements according to ASC 410-20-25-5. NeedsSpace should recognize the ARO at the inception of the lease and amortize the costs of removing the leasehold improvements over 10 years.